WHO SAID THAT?

Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)

 

- The way of persuasion that does not look like a persuasion -

“When showing an attitude of trying to convert their thoughts with enthusiasm at once, people often put themselves on guard that they don't want any of persuasions. Indeed, it should weaken the effectiveness of persuasions.

 The simplest way for the situation with difficulty is a method that makes them consent naturally while explaining to them.

 At the time, the strongest words are a conclusive way of speaking as ‘As a matter of fact, it was true’ or ‘Frankly speaking, it was just such a matter.’”

 

 - An expression can be fulfilled by silence, not words -

“Occasionally, there should be matters that words are not helpful simply for expressing a problem. However, you can reveal any matters by silence without words under such a situation.”

 

- Concise sentences are not a short one -

“Some people frequently try to make their writings short cutting down on the words as simple as possible for suitable expressions. However, if they shorten the number of words, the describing of any matters never become brief.

 Originally, a sentence exists for others to read. Then, it is difficult to judge the writings by the amount of the words whether it become brief. On the contrary, making a sentence longer a little with the right amounts results in the success that readers can have it easily.”

 

… Wittgenstein is a philosopher of Austria native. In the beginning, after he learned the study of engineering at Berlin and Manchester, studied philosophy and logic at Cambridge. He volunteered for the Austria army, became a prisoner of war in Italy during World War I.　He returned to Cambridge after experiencing some occupations, was naturalized as an English citizen, became the professor of philosophy at the University. Wittgenstein prescribed philosophy as a study of criticism against language insisted logical atomism for clarifying the responsive relationship between language and facts under influence of B. Russell. After a while, he reconsidered the thought, found value in analyzing daily languages finally. 

 

 

WHO SAID THAT?

Toru Takemitsu (1930-1996)

 

"...

 Western music - the sounds that I do always are called so, and certainly, it should have pursued human existences through the sounds since it was established as art in the Renaissance. Although there appeared various kinds of musical forms or order and rules in the fields, the music forgot its primary matters unnoticed, came to pursue only the newness of a style and the novelty on technique.

 All of the Western cultures are following a tendency to be subdivided, and also the music shows the same situation reflected, which it reached the limitation of a complicated rhythm and mechanical one that is far from physical movements of human beings, and of very intricate abuses concerning musical intervals only as a technical matter. Under such a situation, Japanese and also Asian music is quite suggestive. But, although I have no concrete ideas now that how Japanese and Western music can be changed as an actual problem, it should be important to understand that music is in quite a different musical world from Western music, first of all.

...

 Certainly, Japanese music exists as another kind of music that never can be ruled by Western orchestras and the forms of its ensembles ...

...

 So, my way of approaching the matters is that I think of them through each of my actual activities such as a musical composition. Indeed, I want to clarify the absolute differences between Japanese music and Western one making the two conflicts by the same amount, but I don't know yet how I can do it. In this case, it should be needed to certify the differences between them only referring to the modern Western music without making the character of Japanese music unclear, and to stress the matter as the two sounds are not similar completely through the various ways such as a musical composing.

 

 

 … Takemitsu was a Japanese composer. He aspired to a career as a composer since the age of sixteen, organized an experimental artistic group of the avant-garde school with his poet friend. After a while, he published ‘Requiem for String Music’ that influenced Russian great composer Stravinsky much. The works of Takemitsu were ranked high in foreign countries as well with many commissioned works from because the musical taste has a delicate construction, which united the sensibilities of the West and the East with originality that poesy and elaboration exist together. He also played an active role in making film music and managing modern music festivals, wrote many books with excellent words. One of the notable works is ‘November Steps’ that adopted Japanese traditional musical instruments effectively. 

 

   

 

WHO SAID THAT?

 

Tetsuro Watsuji (1889-1960)

 

- A Climate -

 

Chapter III The special forms of the monsoonal climate

2. Japan

a. The monsoonal feature

 

"Generally, human existences have a historical and monsoonal particular structure. The particularity is showed clearly by monsoonal types limited to the finiteness of a climate. From the start, because such a climate is a historical climate, the types of climate are the sorts of history at the same time. I named the way of human existence in the region of monsoon as ‘monsoonal.’ Our Japanese should be monsoonal surely in the particular way of existence. In other words, they are acceptable and submissive.

However, we cannot definite the people only using such an argument above. Japan should be quite similar to India if considered the only climate abstracting because Japan is surrounded by broad sea around receiving plenty of sunshine and has a great blessing of water with a luxuriant growth of plants. But, although India has very routine seasonable winds between the Indian Ocean and northern high mountains like a folding screen, Japan exists between the huge areas of Mongol and Siberia and the Pacific that has more spacious expanse than the areas, besides seasonable winds blow through Japan quite changeable. Although the two countries have a common feature as they are bathed by abundant water absorbed from the broad sea, Japan has quite particular characters. On the one hand, the water changed to ‘a typhoon’ that is seasonable but unexpected, appears as an incomparable form over the world in the meanings of its dialectical feature and fierceness. On the other hand, the water becomes heavy snow that is exceptional weather conditions world-widely as a snowfall. Thus, because of the double phenomena as heavy rain and snow there, Japan should have the most particular climate among monsoonal regions.”


… Watsuji was a Japanese moral philosopher. After went abroad to Germany to study, became a professor at Tokyo University. Watsuji developed his study about existentialists at his first stages such as Nietzsche, then, pioneered quite a new and initiative view in the Japanese culture with works including ‘Pilgrimages to the Ancient Temples in Nara.’ Besides, he achieved his original ethics that research which recognizes human existences as a relationship not as individuals with the notable work as ‘Climate and Culture.’

 



■

 

Kiyoshi Miki (1897-1945)

 

- About Meditations -

 

“Plato wrote that Socrates continued meditation immersing himself whole day and night at the camp in Potidaea. Exactly, what Socrates did at the time was meditation, not thinking. Instead of doing meditation, he thought of something when he appeared in the market for having spirited discussions with anyone. Indeed, the fundamental form of thinking is a discussion. Socrates at the camp in Potidaea and the philosopher in the market, which is nothing but show clearly the difference between meditation and thinking.

 

The contrast between meditation and thinking should be clarified by the fact that men can be thrown into meditation suddenly even in the midst of thinking.

 

Meditation has no processes. At the point, it is different from the matter of thinking that always follows its course essentially.


All meditation is sweet. That is why men want meditation and as long as the definition is true, everyone has the taste of mysticism. However, meditation does not depend on our will from the first.”

 

… Miki was a Japanese philosopher. After graduated from Kyoto University, went abroad to Germany, studied under H.Rickert. The following years in Japan, he took Marxist philosophy from a standpoint as humanism at the beginning, then, approached Nishida philosophy that influenced much the thoughts in modern Japan. Miki developed the logic of conceptions that unify logos and pathos, though his work came to the end incompletely. He was arrested for against the Peace Preservation Law at the end of World War II, died in the prison just after the end of the war.

 

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Ludwig Wittgenstein

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Ludwig Wittgenstein

“A desire possesses things should not be vice. It urges us to earn money by working, then, we not only lead a rich life but also gain human freedom and independence too in fact. However, while a person spends money usually is no problem, but when the desire appears too much it would start to make the person work like a slave indeed. Therefor, a daily living will begins spending as much the time and the capacity as possible for earning more a lot of money. Thus, the desire never gives us a day off actually. In this way, those who became a slave of the desire possesses things should be bounded by the wish completely. Besides, such virtue as an important value for men, for example, wealth in the mind, spiritual happiness, and a high ideal should be ignored. As a result, there will appears a man with enough money only while the inner mind should be quite poor. Therefor, careful observations must be need always to know where is the point that the desire seems to begins to rule ourselves.”

… Wittgenstein is a philosopher of Austria native. In the beginning, after he learned the study of engineering at Berlin and Manchester, studied philosophy and logic at Cambridge. He volunteered for Austria army, became a prisoner of war in Italy during World War I.　He returned to Cambridge after experiencing some occupations, was naturalized as an English citizen, became the professor of philosophy at the University. Wittgenstein prescribed philosophy as a study of a criticism against language insisted logical atomism for clarifying the responsive relationship between language and facts under influence of B. Russell. After a while, he reconsidered the thought, found a value in analyzing daily languages finally.